Research on Parental Involvement in Adolescents Life as an Element to Contribute To Identity Formation

Presentation Every phase of Development of person is significant particularly the puberty. This is on the grounds that it is indicated that it’s at this phase the definition of feeling of character takes place.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Research on Parental Involvement in Adolescent’s Life as an Element to Contribute To Identity Formation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Basically character is portrayed as the firm arrangement of individual characteristics concerning life objectives like vocation formative strict qualities and political belief systems. Accomplishing e a steady self image personality permits versatility and future advancement other than making a coordinated feeling of oneself (Faber et al, 2008, p. 244). In addition, achieving a stable develop quality experience is a pivotal piece of immature personality plan. It’s accepted that before teenagers can subscribe to certain worth framework they watch and endeavor the worth their folks depict, survey and contrast them and other elective belief systems. Subsequently, parents’ thought and characteristics can assume a basic job in development of youngster personality. Goals The point of the paper will be to investigate the job of dynamic contribution of guardians in bringing up their youngsters through puberty and the effect on the development of personality. Essentially, hypothesis expresses that local cooperation in their children’s lives persuasive on how they carried on and set their objectives throughout everyday life. In particular, the examination will investigate the procedure through which personality statuses are identified with the way toward accomplishing guardian youngster esteem comparability †the precise impression of parent esteem and the acknowledgment of these qualities by kids. The paper will likewise portray the job of guardians as intelligent specialists in examination with the procedur e of plan of personality (Knafo Schwartz, 2004, p. 441; Schachter Ventura, 2008, p. 449). Reason for Study This exploration will be planned for inspecting the connection between the procedure of recognize improvement in young people and the procedure of parent kid esteem relationship. The exploration will misuse the effect of dynamic connection of guardians with kids constructs their character development (Faber et al, 2008, p. 243).Advertising Looking for research paper on brain science? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The paper will introduce a hypothetical evaluation of the hugeness of the hypothesis for the development of a comprehensive foundation hypothesis of personality arrangement. Theory The dynamic association of guardians in the lives of their pre-adult kids contributed incredibly to sound personality detailing of these pre-adult instead of idle support of guardians in the lives of their kids. Parent investment ass umes a significant job during the time spent adolescents’ (matured 13 †17 years) personality details. Writing Review Due to the criticalness of young people framing a steady sense of self character, there has been expanded examination set to investigate the elements that influence personality character. Huge numbers of these investigations show that there are contrasts in the procedures of character arrangement during the pre-adult years (Faber et al, 2008, p. 245). Hypothetically, the improvement of personality requires significant investment due to the need of investigation. In any case, a few examinations show that this sort of investigation is less inclined to occur in a less secure home. A steady home backings investigation of outer situations. This implies secure connection that happens when a family is steady and the young people face difficulties of relational and intrapersonal looking and this can result into development of a steady sense of self character (Fabe r et al, 2008, p. 245). There are a few investigates that have investigated the association between character plan and juvenile connection. Family Stability The significance of family security is very apparent in a few examinations. These examinations show that families are associations that are comprised of subsystems including guardians, kin and life partner relationship, which characterize the way where relatives interrelate (Faber et al, 2008, p. 245).Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Research on Parental Involvement in Adolescent’s Life as an Element to Contribute To Identity Formation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alignment portrays the way relatives as people and including the subsystems are associated with one another and contrasted with the remainder of relatives and subsystems. Parental alliance is set when guardians work in show to give the essential needs to their youngsters and keep the kids out of conjugal is sues (Knafo Schwartz, 2004, p. 441). This implies family structure has been esteemed to be an extremely huge impact on the character development, in any case in what way family structure influences immature connection degree and the arrangement of personality process has not been only examined. It’s been discovered that when young people are safely connected to their folks it’s a sign that they investigated their condition more. Solid parental organization grew clear limits between the guardians and youngsters, coming full circle into a safe connection in light of the fact that the separation depicts duties and authority (Knafo Schwartz, 2004, p. 442). From the perspective of the parental impact, how much the parent-kid closeness is created by a procedure that takes two periods of disguise. The initial step is the place the kids need to see the qualities their parent backing and second step is the place the kids need to concur that these qualities proper and create the m as their own. This is a procedure alluded to as worth transmission and it could succeed or come up short at any step.Advertising Searching for research paper on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More For the initial step of observation, youngsters could see that the qualities their folks very adequate in a precise discernment (Knafo Schwartz, 2004, p. 443). For the second step of acknowledgment, kids could decide to consent to the qualities they see, however they could also dismiss them too. At the point when kids believe that the parents’ values are exact and acknowledge them as opposed to dismissing them, at that point, esteem coinciding will be higher (Schachter Ventura, 2008, p. 449). Young people Perception of Growth From the perspective of pre-adult character advancement, esteem frameworks are created by means of a procedure where teenagers take on an ideological viewpoint compared to those of their folks (Knafo Schwartz, 2004, p. 443). The worth framework is a significant viewpoint in the stable word related, ideological and social devotion that contains the adolescents’ emanant character. Investigation involves looking, clarifying and misusing the potential options of character. Duty incorporates choosing to acknowledge certain option as a component of their self. The aftereffects of the responsibility are to achieve suffering self-direction in a few life spaces like political, professional and strict (Schachter Ventura, 2008, p. 451). Technique Systematic Literature Search The examination will utilize writing search to gather data. For this investigation articles that identified with the subject of personality plan and child rearing of teenagers will be scanned for study. This implies the specialist will look through these articles on the web (Knafo Schwartz, 2004, p. 443). Essentially articles with data on personality statuses in youths (dispersion, ban, accomplishment and investigation), effect of parent estimations of self image character of young people, family structure and connection, and parent-kids esteem relationship among other will be looked (Faber et al, 2008, p. 244). The serious issues that would confront the scientist m ay incorporate where to get those sources and once these assets have been distinguished, comprehending what to strainer or look for by means of an abundance of data that will be accessible to figure out what is essential to the investigation. Enough time will be distributed to finding the significant materials. Two primary exercises will be basic for this investigation. The conceptualizing and the writing search itself (Faber et al, 2008, p. 245). Toward the beginning of the examination, the examiner will build up a working book index dependent on information on both print and electronic library assets and utilization of the referencing framework to recognize these sources. Search Plan The exploration will concentrate on how this theme advances as the examination is led by means of the documentation life-cycle. The potential methodologies incorporate searching for the books and articles that are right now acknowledged for use as references in the investigation and find how they were refered to. Looking for unique reports and articles is significant (Knafo Schwartz, 2004, p. 444). This system will bring about a structure like tree-chart or a system that will show articles that are connected. By surveying and perusing the modified works of these articles, it is conceivable to arrange the articles by point and furthermore by the author’s enthusiasm for that specific work. The analyst will at that point search the reference arrangements of the papers to discover applicable papers on the grounds that now and again the web databases group articles contrastingly or order the papers by utilizing various portrayals and various terms and watchwords. The pursuit plan is a blue print to comprehension of the data accessible in light of the fact that the electronic stockpiling framework is getting entangled and recover of exploration assets is propelling a lot. Without an arrangement, there are high possibilities that the scientist may lose all sense of direction in the ocean of web articles looking for applicable data or the pursuit can simply be going round similar articles. Anticipated Results

Brand McDonalds Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Brand McDonalds - Assignment Example  McDonald's and Golden curves can be supposed to be a reference point of accomplishment. According to 2011, it is the biggest inexpensive food chain. Its income starting at 2013 is the US $ 28.1057 billion. McDonalds’ has a decent brand picture and positions among top ten in the review of most important organization in the planet (McDonald Corp. 2013). Be that as it may, McDonalds is confronting some impossible to miss problem. McDonald's very low when contrasted with its adversaries in components of value perception.2. It has another type of clients with changing taste and inclination and it needs to keep itself significant before it is past the point of no return or become history (Slama, 2014, pp. 9-11).Let us break down the Brand the board procedures of McDonalds through the viewpoint of Keller’s brand value model.Keller distributed this hypothesis in his book key brand the board. The hypothesis of this model is really straightforward. It basically expresses tha t the organization needs to rethink how clients consider their item for making a solid brand. According to the figure there are four stages so as to manufacture a solid brand image. Applying the models 4 stages if there should be an occurrence of Mc Donald’Step 1. Brand IdentityMc Donald needs to change its image picture in which it is recognized as significant guilty party for the interminable stoutness issue looked by US and other countries. In needs to reposition itself as a brand that makes healthful nourishments rather (Doole and Lowe, 2008, pp. 42-44). Its ongoing promotion crusades center around individuals and feelings. Indeed, even there is an adjustment in the product offering to incorporate new and solid items.

How Important is Freshman Year of High School TKG

How Important is Freshman Year of High School Good morning. TL;DR: Freshman Year Is Just as Important as Junior Year. Every single year of high school is important. We know this. We stand by this. We emphasize it to all of our clients. Every moment is important, including freshman and sophomore year (we even created a foolproof checklist to guide you through sophomore year). But we also get this follow-up question a lot: how important is freshman year (uttered in slightly hushed tones) *really*? And we understand where the question is coming from. Of course everyone knows that anything that happens in high school (academically) will translate to a transcript and will be seen by colleges. But, are colleges really going to hold a B+ from freshman year English class against a student if they get straight As otherwise? Actually, though? So, our answer to: “how important is freshman year (be honest)?”The answer is simple… IT DEPENDS!You’re rightfully rolling your eyes, but just like anything else in this process, the reality is just completely case-dependent. Probably not the easy, black and white response you were expecting, but how many things in life are simple? Very few, and even fewer in the college application process. Grades matter no matter what--we’ve waxed poetic about how grades are the foundation of your entire application and without a solid base you have nothing to go on. That said, the intensity of this answer depends on where you want to go to college. Creating a balanced and realistic college list is one of the most important things that we do with our clients (and it takes time!) because, while we want you to go after your dreams, we don’t like you to waste your time and energy on an application to a school that’s not even going to read your application. Whether or not an application gets read (as in, it gets through the initial and necessary filtration) is dependent on a few things: test scores, GPA, and combined reflection of class selection, competitiveness, and class rank. S chools like Yale or Harvard usually want to see consistently high grades starting with freshman year. Why? Because they have thousands of applicants with flawless academic records. This means lower risk and no unanswered questions. So, if your ambitions point to a school like Harvard, then you better have straight As freshman year. This is a good time for us to say that Harvard isn’t the best school for most people. Not that it’s not a great school, it’s just not a great fit for many people. We’re all about fit, and there are hundreds of amazing schools outside of the “Ivy League” that offer academically rigorous and top tier degrees. Schools like Wesleyan, Washington University at St. Louis, UCSD, Bowdoin, Emory, University of Michigan, Middlebury, Wake Forest, UT Austin, Northwestern, and the list goes on and on. If you’re open (and you should be) and excited by schools outside of the Ivy League, then freshman year is still VERY important, but there’s a tiny tiny bit of wiggle room. After all, schools don’t want robots. They want people. And your GPA does not determine your worth or your ability to articulate and achieve your ambitions. In sum: freshman year=S U P E R 10/10important if you want to go to Harvard and around 7-8/10 important if you want to go somewhere like, say, Wesleyan. Or a number of the schools listed above. And hundreds that we did not list because you don’t want to read that. If this answer brought up even more questions for you, let us know by emailing us or calling us.

Technology s Effects On The Future Job Market - 1263 Words

Sean O’Leary March 29, 2017 English 12 Mr. Schneider Technology’s effects on the future job market Technologic advancements has become a very controversial topic as lots of people are worried to lose their jobs to robots in the future. There are also people that are optimistic about how these technological advancements can help citizens in their daily lives. A growing trend in the world has been the constant revelations in technology that has shaped the society we live in today. There have been many people who complain about the problems that plague the world and very few are willing to make a change in the world. Technology can be the solution or the problem for making the world a better place. Lots of individuals say that technology†¦show more content†¦There are also statistics that back up the claim about why people are worried about robots stealing humans jobs. In the graph shown on Linkedin are stats from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it shows a major increase in unemployment for nonfarm jobs from July 2013 to July 2015. Another aspect of life in society that can be affected by technological advancement is how education will change to teach students new skills that can help them succeed in the future. In 2012 Mr Thrun founded an online-education startup called Udacity, and Mr Ng co-founded another. They had some comments on how the educational system as well the job market will be affected by new technology. Mr Thrun who’s says he founded Udacity as an â€Å"antidote to the ongoing AI revolution† (Re-educating Rita), which will require workers to acquire new skills throughout their careers. Similarly, Mr Ng thinks that given the potential impact of their work on the labour market, AI researchers â€Å"have an ethical responsibility to step up and address the problems we cause†; Coursera, he says, is his contribution. Moreover, AI technology has great potential in education. A big topic to consider as well is how technological advancement will affect production and the economy. A good example on how technology can help productivity is the steel industry over the past decades. â€Å"The US steel industry really stands out: over the period 1972-2002, it witnessed impressive productivity growth – 28%Show MoreRelatedTechnology And Economic Growth. When Studying Economics,1646 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and Economic Growth When studying economics, one often finds periods of growth as well as periods of recession. There have been many reasons for these highs and lows throughout history. The United States has experienced many recessions dating back to the 1929 depression under Herbert Hoover to the most recent 2008-2009 depression caused by failing housing markets and malpractice (Amadeo,2017). However; the U.S. economy has always recovered and has flourished after recessions. 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Technological According to (Ball, 2011) today’s technology has allowed an advance in computers, communication and an increase flow of ideas. Through the internet and networks small companies can compete globally. Markets Companies use foreign countries to establish a businessRead MoreCurrent Trends Of The Middle Class1131 Words   |  5 Pagespay debts as well as save for their future. In addition, the much middle class will tend to reside with their parents to cut down costs to save for both up keep and to pay off their debts. Consequently, unemployment is the other trending issue among the middle class. In essence, the middle class makes part of a higher percentage of the unemployed in the current society. 2. 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Computers are going to be the bicycle of the mind. Low cost

French Exclamative Adverbs - Adverbes dexclamation

Exclamative adverbs are placed in front of clauses to indicate shock, disbelief, awe, or some other strong emotion felt by the speaker. There are five French exclamative adverbs: commequequest-ce quece quecombien Comme means how, though many English speakers are likely reword the sentence to use so instead:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Comme il fait beau  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  How nice the weather is! The weather is so nice!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Comme cest difficile  !   Ã‚  Ã‚  How difficult it is! Its so difficult!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Comme tu es grand  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  How tall you are! Youre so tall!Que is more or less interchangeable with comme:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quil fait beau  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  How beautiful the weather is!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Que cest difficile  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  How difficult it is!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Que tu es grand  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  How tall you are!Que de is used in front of nouns to stress so much or so many of something:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Que dargent  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  So much money!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Que de monde  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  So many people!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Que de difficultà ©s  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  So many problems!Que followed by a subjunctive clause creates an indirect command.Informally, quest-ce que and ce que can replace comme and que:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ques t-ce quil fait beau  ! Ce quil fait beau  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  The weather is so beautiful!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quest-ce que cest difficile  ! Ce que cest difficile  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  Its so difficult!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quest-ce que tu es grand  ! Ce que tu es grand  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  Youre so tall!Combien means how much or how many and must be followed by an adverb or by de noun:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Combien plus dà ©nergie que jai  ! Combien plus dà ©nergie ai-je  !   Ã‚  Ã‚  How much more energy I have! (I have so much more energy)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Combien dargent que tu dà ©penses  ! Combien dargent dà ©penses-tu  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  How much money youre spending! (Youre spending so much money!Note: The clause that follows the modified noun requires either inversion or que.Combien means how much/many or so much/many and may be followed by a clause, an adverb, or de noun:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Combien il a changà ©Ã‚  !   Ã‚  Ã‚  How he has changed! (Hes changed so much!)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Combien en a-t-on vus  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  How many we saw! (We saw so many!)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Combien de fois ne lui a-t-on pas rà ©pà ©tà ©Ã‚  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  How many times have we told him!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mais combien plus noble si les hommes mouraient pour des idà ©es vraies  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Henri Louis Mencken, Extrait de Prà ©jugà ©s)  Ã‚  Ã‚  But how much more noble if men died for real ideas!

The Challenges Of The Reconstruction And The Legacy Of...

The legacy of slavery were the racial tension and injustice created between the whites and the blacks, and the challenges for the former slaves to gain a position in the economy. Even now, there are still racial tensions between the different races. By the creation of 13th Amendment, slavery was officially abolished in late 1865. Although slavery was abolished, the racial tension between the whites and blacks still existed, and it even exists now. Also, the freed slave’s status in the America was uncertain, and the challenges were anticipated during the Reconstruction period from 1865 to 1877. The challenges faced by the former slaves were during the Reconstruction period since there was a rebirth of white supremacy. For example, the Ku†¦show more content†¦Sharecropping was a form of agriculture where the landowner allows a tenant to use their land for a share of the crops that the tenant produces. This led the former slaves to face problems in obtaining a spot within the economy because the landowners will make the contract to where they get most of the crops that was produced. Even today, we still live with the legacy of slavery. For example, the tension in education shows how we live with the legacy of slaver y. In 2015, the students at Princeton University were the center of attention due to the protest against the racist legacy of former U.S. President, Woodrow Wilson. He was a very racist person, and the students of Princeton University questioned why the school was continuing to honor him. When Woodrow Wilson became the President of the United States in the 1913, he knew about how the blacks gained more opportunities in the economy and how the black people were allowed to do things freely without many restrictions. For example, the schools were separated between the different races, but the public institutions were not separate. As Wilson became the President, he started to take away the freedom that black people have gained and implemented more separations between the white people and the black people. This shows how even after the abolishment of slavery and after the 14th and 15th Amendments were created, we still live with the legacy of slavery. Another example that shows how we l ive with the legacy of slaveryShow MoreRelatedReconstruction : The Second Greatest Crisis1319 Words   |  6 PagesReconstruction has been called the second greatest crisis faced by the United States of America, the first being the Civil War. The war had been won, but now the American government and people faced the challenge of rebuilding everything that had been torn down into a new nation. Many difficulties were faced, and in some ways the war continued to be fought. This time, everything from the courthouse to the bus seats served as the battleground. The nation was demanding change, and yet was unwillingRead MoreFranklin D Roosevelt and the American Political System723 Words   |  3 Pagesthe entire population was in disarray from an economic and social point of view. Another crucial element at the beginning of the Roosevelt Administration was the reconstruction attempts. More precisely, they had to focus on the best means available for reconstructing the country as well as its citizens. Roosevelt addressed the challenges he faced in a very pragmatic manner. While running for president, he underlined the need for employment as a result of the 1929 crisis. More precisely even, in orderRead More Reconstruction and the Post-War South Essay1845 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican-Americans as a matter of our highest law were in fact no more citizens than cattle. -- Ira Glasser, Legacy of Racial Subjugation, 2014 The end of the Civil War left many questions for both the North and the South. The federal government was faced with the responsibility of rebuilding the South and reuniting the country politically, economically, and culturally. At the war’s end, the country was left to grapple with 200,000 deaths and over a million casualties, more than any otherRead MorePresident Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglas, and Susan B. Anthony1415 Words   |  6 Pages After abolition of slavery, new challenges became present; one of them, the readmission of the Southern states was required into the Union. The goal of Reconstruction was to readmit the South on terms that were acceptable to the North-full political and civil equality for blacks and denial of the political rights of whites who were the leaders of the secession movement (Wormser, 2002). Easier said than done, reconstruction, in the sense originally though by President Lincoln took many yearsRead MoreGlobalization : The First Phase Of Economic Globalization964 Words   |  4 Pagespolicies (often market-oriented ones) that the IMF required borrowing governments to agree to implement before receiving an IMF loan. World Bank: The World Bank began as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) after Bretton Woods and was originally focused on financing reconstruction after WWII. After the success of these programs, the World Bank began focusing on aiding the dev elopment of countries. Foreign Aid and official development assistance (ODA): state controlled resourcesRead MoreHow Birth Of A Nation Reinforced Antebellum Stereotypes About African Americans1564 Words   |  7 Pageseverything were embodied in The Clansman, a sentimental novel of Reconstruction that earlier appeared in 1905 and was very dramatic in the entire South. It was a dedication to his Uncle, Colonel Leroy and Grand Titan of the Invincible Empire KuKlux Klan. Besides, Griffith tells a story of a particular a family of whites based south since the days the blacks agonized from servitude through Civil War and into the period of Reconstruction. This film portrayed images of brutes who abused their newbornRead MoreThe Work Of Brameld, Horton, And Freire721 Words   |  3 PagesPaulo Freire, Ismail Hakki Tonguch, Neil Postman, and Charles Weingartner. Each of these educational philosophers have greatly shaped the reconstruction ideologies; however, for the purpose of this paper, it was considered to analyze the work of Brameld, Horton, and Freire. Theodore Brameld (1904 – 1987) is considered to be the founder of the social reconstruction movement. The Brameld s ideas to understand human condition were nurtured by thinkers such as Freud and Marx, as well as by sociologistsRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction1357 Words   |  6 PagesCivil War/ Reconstruction - Following the Civil War, the United States underwent a huge process of reconstruction to unifying and reconstructing the war-torn state. The nation still remained utterly divided between North and South in essentially all aspects of life including religion, race, and government. President Andrew Johnson,who succeeded President Abraham Lincoln enacted various policies in order to unite the country. These policies included friendly policies that pardoned Southerners whileRead MoreHistoriography of the Reconstruction Era2240 Words   |  9 PagesRiham Elshazli Professor Clement Price Civil War and the Reconstruction 12/11/12 Historiography of the Reconstruction Era At a time when America was trying to piece itself back together, the Reconstruction Era is one of the most important chapters in history. It is also, however, one of the most debated. After the Civil War, the South was devastated and thousands of freed slaves needed to be integrated into society. When Andrew Johnson took office, he was moderate in his views as to what shouldRead MoreBlack Americans And The Civil War Essay961 Words   |  4 Pages In Post-Reconstruction time, Black Americans were left reeling from the aftermath of the Civil War, and Reconstruction inadequate attempt to right the wrongs of history. They also faced the horror and humiliation of Jim Crow, the terror of the Ku Klux Klan and other like-minded organizations, and the weight of oppressive legislation. These challenges resided in the consciousness of Black Americans at the turn of the 19th century, and carried on into the 20th century. The 20th century is referred

Business Operations And Climate Change †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Problems of Business Operations Cause Towards Climate Change And Regulators Do Address Them. Answer: Introduction For an extended period, sustainability science continues to develop as the area of investigation, but it has said less concerning roles of business operations in climate change or socioecological systems shift. Therefore, the determining of global tdrifts of climate as well as transitions depends greatly n the activities of the business and its development impact (Darren, 2012).The worlds weather conditions presently are facing rapid changes. The changes in climate affect the global communities as well as lives of its occupants. Specified the intrinsic character of forecasting of economic that comprises of vital degrees of doubt, approximations of the outcomes of changes in weather conditions that result from business operations over the 21st century have different variations (Daniel et al., 2014). Market-based transactions along with control strategy instruments have and share nationality remain the major means of conveying sustainable progress main concerns into executive processes by business operations. Therefore, objective of this work is to address how business operations leads to climate change and describing the best regulators that can be applicable in controlling such effects of businesss operations. Problems and solution Changes in climatic conditions can be measurable as the economic cost. It is precisely a well suited to influence the links of market transactions and it has a direct effect on gross domestic products. Operations of business cause various issues that result to change in climate. Business operation is negative influence in climate change Some of the causes of business to weather conditions comprise of pollution and waste disposal (Pittock, 2003). During business operations, infection remains to be part of globals most significant environmental issues, as it leans to be the distinctive byproduct of present life. The cases of pollution that result from business operations and modern living seemingly go in handy, but the charge of air pollution can no longer be ignorable. The costs of pollution tend to go beyond bills of medical along with the loss of productivity. Heavy polluted regions of business operations make it tough for different companies located in a given area to hire as well as retain employees (McMichael et al., 2002). These issues force businesses to pay higher wages to attract and keep employees. Moreover, pollution that results from different companies makes the companies direct their dangerous gaseous wastes to the atmosphere. These hazardous gases released into the atmosphere always lead to globalizati on that make it tough for the weather pattern to remain the same. Therefore, business operations are the primary cause of shifts in climatic conditions because of the globalization that occurs in the earth. Moreover, business is facing a negative impact from the local community, due to the business developing the number of forest. This is causing the reduction of rainforest and affecting the climate change. Such programs of developing number of forests make the operators to lack the stand of benefitting immensely from the programs brought about by the technological development of other developed businesses (Pittock, 2003). Moreover, business operators in global society lack a regulatory measure that needs to support as well as strengthening the survey done in the global community and other learning centers. Such ideas always have a negative impact on the development of social evolution of the business operations, as they will be unable to undertake detailed investigations in various fields that relate to change in climate. Regulators to address climate change by business operations Regulations to addressing climate change by business remain to be one of the fundamental levels of state power that include fiscal and monetary policy. The regulations are of critical importance in the process of shaping the welfare of economies and society. Government should encourage business industries to use new technologies to reduce the greenhouses emission Besides, different rules as set by the concern parties of combating climate change have the principal objective of ensuring that the regulatory lever works efficiently. The efficient operation of businesses through regulations remains to be in the public interest. There is a need for different researchers to highlight devices along with guidance for developing corporate sustainability strategies to control cases of environment changes. The regulation should involve the processes of focusing on the prevention tolerance, restorations, as well as change of location for business operations (Pittock, 2003). Themanagement of different businesses should focus on developing and proposing various adaptation measures that comprise of the effect of water, fisheries, wildlife, health, social amenities such as human settlements, and strengthening of physical infrastructures like telecommunication and transport network. The regulation measures by business operations have to target on practices suc h as controlling pollution to reduce their dangers leading to changes in climate within the marketplace directly affected by such changes (Mann et al., 2003). Focus on communication awareness along with education programs of effects of business operations on climate changes. Monitoring the business and encourage to become sustainable business, wthat helps to reduce negative impact on the planet Regulation of creating and distributing training materials along with plans on processes of controlling changes of climate in business can aid the targeted associations to learn more in the cases of occurrences in shifts in weather conditions. Such creation of programs enable the business operators and managers to understand and learn on how to deal with effects of engaging in operations that lead to climatic changes in the marketplace (Tony et al., 2004). Business operators must always aim at best methods that can apply to control the adverse effects of their wastes into the atmosphere.Business management can target the practice of ensuring that every waste material that they dispose to the atmosphere is safe and away from dangerous effects that can result in cases of global warming. The control and formation of best technique of eliminating solid waste materials are essential in ensuring that the environment remains safe from any effects that can negatively influence the environmen t. Business operations and theirmanagement should focus on setting stringent rules for the businesses that tend to contribute negatively to the development of climatic conditions. Such laws allow every company in the marketplace to concentrate much on activities that bring more benefits to workers and the community around their operations (Mann et al., 2003). The ideas used by other company to have the positive influence of the natural environment can be essential in ensuring that people conduct the best research on technological advancement that can improve their operations while reducing their effects on climatic changes. Besides, national and technical development in business operations on climate changes in business operations can then offer the concerted action program resource that mobilizes programs. Therefore, all these regulations can be capable of introducing robust monitoring plan along with the evaluation of the program that assists in controlling changes of climate in t he marketplace. If there are, no appropriate actions followed in minimizing expected influence that result because of climate change, then the cost of conducting business operations might increase more. Themanagement of business operations has to focus on factors within their activities to aid in reducing the impacts of changes in climate (Darren, 2012). All business operators in the global marketplace have to be ready to mainstream changes in weather conditions in their operations as well as programs as the best approach to minimizing the impacts of changes in climate on conducting businesses (Daniel et al., 2014). Therefore, significant efforts need to be set aside by the global society to aid in supporting the generations of economic advancement in technologies together with applications of such techniques through programs targeting development of capacities. Limitations of business operations Various causes of climate changes result from business operations. For instance, mining and mineral explorations companies lead to causes of climate change. Mining by different companys influence the climate of the global society such as eruption and mining activities exposes sources to soil erosion that in turn makes the ground cover to be swept away by winds and splash waters (Staffen et al., 2003). The loss in ground cover can make a given region to be desert, and this will significantly affect the weather conditions and even make the basis approaches of conducting business operations to decline. In most cases, business operations like mining make different regions to result in air pollution that in most cases affect atmospheric temperature due to global warming (D.J Braganza, 2004). The presence or formation of global warming goes different areas to experience various conditions of weather that make economic activities to reduce. Therefore, some of the business operations might act as the most significant driver of displacing people from one region to another. The formation of global warming that results from business operations leads to increment in heat, precipitation, as well as humidity that can allow different living organisms to move from regions where they can thrive in new places. Conclusion The financers need to budget more for capital that is essential in improving national development if the businesses operations are to adequately to respond to shifts in their services that results from climate change. However, the present plans by different business managements are not sufficient as it has the mandate of scaling up the budget for climate change. Furthermore, there is a need for the various donors responsible for the setting control measures to curb changes in climate to be able to formalize their commitment to climate issues in business operations. The business operators can efficiently control causes of climate changes during their services by ensuring that they develop a clear mission statement to offer the operators with assurance through the degree of security in developing great agenda of change in climate. References D.J. Karoly and K. Braganza (2004) Attribution of recent temperature changes in the Australian region. J Climate, in press. Daniel, F., Rachel, D., Antony, B., Saleem, A., Deana, K., Martin. (2014). Conflict transalates environmental and social risk into business costs, 75767581. PNAS, 1-24. https:// www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1405135111 Darren OByrne. (2012).Human Rights: An introduction ch 1: Theorising Human Rights. Climate Policy, 12(4), 524-526. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2012.688523 Mann, M.E., Ammann, C.M., Bradley, R.S., Briffa, K.R., Crowley, T.J., Hughes, M.K., Jones, P.D., Oppenheimer, M., Osborn, T.J., Overpeck, J.T., Rutherford, S., Trenberth, K.E., Wigley, T.M.L., (2003) On Past Temperatures and Anomalous Late 20th Century Warmth, Eos, 84, 256-258. Mann, M.E., Ammann, C.M., Bradley, R.S., Briffa, K.R., Crowley, T.J., Hughes, M.K., Jones, P.D., Oppenheimer, M., Osborn, T.J., Overpeck, J. T., Rutherford, S., Trenberth, K.E., Wigley, T.M.L., (2003b) Response to Comment on On Past Temperatures and Anomalous Late 20th Century Warmth, Eos, 84, 473. McMichael, A., Woodruff, R., Whetton, P., Hennessy, K., Nicholls, N., Hales, S., Woodward, A., Kjellstrom, T., (2002). Human Health and Climate Change in Oceania: A Risk Assessment. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. Mills, E, E. Lecomte and A. Peara, (2001). US Insurance Industry Perspectives on Climate Change, February 2001, US Dept of Energy, Berkeley California. Pittock, B. (ed). (2003). Climate Change: An Australian Guide to the Science and Potential Impacts, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. Pittock, B. (ed). (2003). Climate Change: An Australian Guide to the Science and Potential Impacts, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. Steffen, W. Jager, J. Matson, P. Moore, B. Oldfield, F. Richardson, K. Sanderson, A. Schnellnhuber, J. Turner,B.L. Tyson, P. Wasson, R. (2003), Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under Pressure, Springer-Verlag Berlin Tony, C., David, K., Tony, M., et al., (2004). Climate change solutions for Australia. The Australia Climate Group, 17(2), 1186-1192. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02257.x Walther G R, Post E, Convey P, Menzel A, Parmesan C, Beebee TRJ, Fromentin JM, Hoegh-Guldberg O Bairlein F (2012). Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature 416: 389-395.

The study by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch

Summary of the main issues discussed in the article The study carried out by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch is aimed at analyzing and measuring the relations between business success, quality management, and service quality in German logistics companies. The authors argue that currently these organizations rely on price leadership in order to gain competitive advantage while quality component of their work is not fully emphasized (Kersten Kock 2010, p. 186).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The study by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In their opinion, quality management can strongly contribute to the success of these companies. The authors discuss several important issues, in particular, the measurement of service quality in logistics companies and its overall effect on the functioning of these enterprises. The authors single out a set of criteria by which the work of logistics ser vices can be evaluated (Kersten Kock 2010, p 188). Secondly, they examine the effects of various quality management techniques like employee development, leadership commitment, or continuous improvement on the quality of logistics services. Finally, the scholars examine the impacts of service quality on business success. From their standpoint, the results derived in the course of the study can be of practical use to quality managers. This paper will present a detailed critique of this research article. Contribution of the article to the understanding of quality management principles The main contribution of this article is that it shows how service quality can be decomposed into several elements or dimensions. On the basis of this classification managers will be able to better apply quality management techniques. It should be noted that Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch single out three essential components of quality service: 1) potential, 2) processes, and 3) outcomes (2010, p. 188). To a great extent they rely on the ideas of Avedis Donabedian (1980) who also worked on the assessment of quality. In this case, the term â€Å"potential† refers to organizational resources, its qualifications and capabilities (Kersten Kock 2010, p. 188). In turn, such component as process can be explained as the main internal activities of the company, and especially their interactions with their clients. Finally, such element as outcome is primarily related to the lead time, delivery of goods and their conditions (2010, p. 188). To a great extent, this article has helped me better understand the concept of quality when it is applied to service organizations like logistics companies. Furthermore, if it is slightly modified, this classification can be applied to many service companies not only logistics firms. Yet, the most important thing is that these authors establish a set of criteria that enables managers to evaluate the work of service organizations. Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch distinguish such standards as reliability of employees, adherence to security regulations, the time required to react to the queries of the customer, responsiveness, delivery correctness, and so forth (2010, p. 194).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Certainly, the authors relied on the works of other scholars, especially Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry who introduced quality measurement tools (1994). On the whole, this article has enabled me to systematize my knowledge of quality evaluation. It is also possible for me to say that this article only emphasized some of the things of which I was aware of. Namely, it has demonstrated that quality should or even must be assessed from customers’ perspective. Each of the criteria identified by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch is closely related to the clients and their perceptions. This research indicates that custo mer focus has to be the main quality management principle if they want to remain competitive and retain customers who are the key to the survival of logistics firms. Overall, with the help of this article I have been able to extend my knowledge of quality management. Most importantly, this study has shown to me this element of performance can be decomposed and evaluated. Hence, this article really increased my understanding of quality management principles. It has been useful from theoretical and practical points of view. The relation between the article and quality theory This study is related to quality theory in several important ways. First of all, this discipline strives to single out various elements of this concept (Pfeifer 2002, p. 12). This is one of the tasks that Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch attempt to accomplish. The thing is that such concept as quality is very difficult to decompose into separate elements. Its structure will depend upon the type of organization and it s activities. The study that is being discussed examines quality in a very narrow context, namely, logistics companies. One should bear in mind that quality dimensions vary in different organizations (Basu 2004, p. 5). This study eloquently illustrates this argument. In addition, modern science tries to find ways of measuring or quantifying quality (Pfeifer 2002, p. 12). Similarly these authors also measure quality by numerical means. Certainly, one should also speak about the use of quality management techniques or practical applications of quality theory. One of the purposes of the given study is to measure the effectiveness of such practices or approaches as employee orientation, process management, leadership commitment, or continuous improvement ((Kersten Kock 2010, p 192). Thus, one can say that these scholars work towards one of the most fundamental purposes of quality theory which is the improvement of services or products. These are the main connections between these study and quality theory.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The study by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main findings of the study and their applications On the whole, the research conducted by Kersten and Koch has produced several important findings. First, existing quality management do contribute to the improvement of logistics companies. These researches identified a statistically significant relation between each practices and internal processes within the companies and their organizational resources. In other words, their finding indicate that quality management practices facilitate order completion process, reduce reaction time, and prompt workers to comply with safety regulations (Kersen Koch, 2010, p. 196). However, the scholars also point out that these initiatives do not always improve the outcomes such as delivery correctness or condition of goods (2010, p. 196). In par t, these results can be explained by the fact that logistics companies cannot exercise full control over force-majeure circumstances, traffic congestions. Besides, one should take into account that these organizations often cooperate with many subcontractors or third-parties and it is not always possible to monitor their work (Gudehus Kotzab 2009, p. 11). This is one of the reasons why quality management initiatives do not always affect outcomes. The results might have been different if Kersten and Koch focused only on those companies which can closely monitor the work of their subcontractors. Apart from that, Kersten and Koch believe that service quality is conducive to business success (2010, p. 197). However, they do specify how exactly they measure business success. The notion can refer to the profitability of an enterprise, its customer retention rates, or other criteria. This is the main limitation of their research. Additionally, one should keep in mind that the researchers examined only German logistics firms, and at this point it is not known whether these results can be applied to other countries or regions. As Kersten and Koch say an international survey of logistics firms must be carried out to validate the results. At this point, the findings cannot be viewed as definitive. Overall, their findings have many practical implications. First, the tools that they have developed can be used by the managers who work in service organizations. It has to be admitted that these methods cannot be applied to any service companies since they were originally designed for the needs of logistics companies.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, practitioners of quality management can benefit from their ideas by decomposing quality into separate categories like potential, processes, and outcomes. Most importantly, with the help of similar assessment tools they can measure the effectiveness of different quality management practices. Still, the primary beneficiaries of this study can be logistics companies. As it has been noted before, these organizations rely on cost leadership, rather than quality leadership. The approach recommended by the authors will enable such companies to better retain customers and reduce their expenses. It is quite possible to assume that this study will soon give rise to further research that will also focus on international companies. References Basu, R, 2004, Implementing quality: a practical guide to tools and techniques : enabling the power of operational excellence. Cengage Learning, NY. Donabedian, A 1980, The Definition of Quality and Approaches to its Assessment, Health Administrat ion Press, Ann Arbor, MI. Gudehus, T Kotzab, H 2009 ‘Comprehensive logistics’, Springer, NY. Kersten, W Koch, J 2010 ‘The effect of quality management on the service quality and business success of logistics service providers’. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, vol, 27, no, 2, pp 185-200. Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A. and Berry, L.L. (1994), ‘Reassessment of expectations as a comparison standard in measuring service quality: implications for further research’, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, no. 1, p. 111-124. Pfeifer, T 2002, Quality management, Hanser Verlag, Cincinnati. This report on The study by Wolfgang Kersten and Jan Koch was written and submitted by user Hugo Mccarthy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on America And Unilateralism In Iraqi War

Unilateralism Unilateralism in this case means America’s decision to go into the war with or without the UN support. Such concern follows decisions and acts which indicate a â€Å"go-it-alone† attitude and the question of the United States’ participation in multilateral treaties and its respect for international law. US decided to go alone because they considered resolution 1441 from the 7th amendment sufficient. â€Å"Why America should abandon its instincts for unilateralism† by Chris Patten Chris Patten the EU commissioner for external relations said that ‘to assert that Americas first duty must be to protect its own democracy and the rights of its own people is not selfish, any more than it is wrong for Americas policy makers to be concerned to the extent to which international obligations may come to represent a threat to US sovereignty’ He uncounted five reasons for why we need American leadership and international cooperation on an unprecedented scale. ‘Leadership should be exercised in partnership’ -Modern world should be more connected in order to protect itself -Globalisation – countries have to work together to resolve common problems -International institutions need to be in the model of ‘everything by the rules’ -Europe should spend more money on defence -Long-term effectiveness costs – but accumulates over time. The Terror Iraq gained its autonomy after the World War 2. After they removed the king the ruler ship of Sadam Hussein became effective. Consequently Sadam infuses dictatorship and tries to become a leader of all the Arabs. The money made by oil he spends on personal army and luxury. While he lives like in the 1001 night fairytales, his people live in terrible poverty. In the beginning of 1980’s there was a 8 year war with Iran whilst which Sadam uses weapons of mass destruction forbidden by resolution of UN. In the summer of 1990 Sadam attacks and occupies neighbo... Free Essays on America And Unilateralism In Iraqi War Free Essays on America And Unilateralism In Iraqi War Unilateralism Unilateralism in this case means America’s decision to go into the war with or without the UN support. Such concern follows decisions and acts which indicate a â€Å"go-it-alone† attitude and the question of the United States’ participation in multilateral treaties and its respect for international law. US decided to go alone because they considered resolution 1441 from the 7th amendment sufficient. â€Å"Why America should abandon its instincts for unilateralism† by Chris Patten Chris Patten the EU commissioner for external relations said that ‘to assert that Americas first duty must be to protect its own democracy and the rights of its own people is not selfish, any more than it is wrong for Americas policy makers to be concerned to the extent to which international obligations may come to represent a threat to US sovereignty’ He uncounted five reasons for why we need American leadership and international cooperation on an unprecedented scale. ‘Leadership should be exercised in partnership’ - Modern world should be more connected in order to protect itself - Globalisation – countries have to work together to resolve common problems - International institutions need to be in the model of ‘everything by the rules’ - Europe should spend more money on defence - Long-term effectiveness costs – but accumulates over time. The Terror Iraq gained its autonomy after the World War 2. After they removed the king the ruler ship of Sadam Hussein became effective. Consequently Sadam infuses dictatorship and tries to become a leader of all the Arabs. The money made by oil he spends on personal army and luxury. While he lives like in the 1001 night fairytales, his people live in terrible poverty. In the beginning of 1980’s there was a 8 year war with Iran whilst which Sadam uses weapons of mass destruction forbidden by resolution of UN. In the summer of 1990 Sadam attacks and occupies neighbo...

Comparison of Functional and Dysfunctional Relationships Research Paper

Comparison of Functional and Dysfunctional Relationships - Research Paper Example In the commitment stage, the couple is now ready to settle down with each other. Practically, remarkably few people get to the co-creation stage which is characterized by the existence of couples who have decided that they were meant to be together and continue to strengthen their relationship (Miltenberger 45). A functional relationship is a harmonious relationship between two individuals in a given situation such that both parties are emotionally fulfilled. The individuals involved put all their efforts to nurture their relationship ensuring that it succeeds so that they can reap the maximum benefits (Giannet 14). It is established if a procedure is implemented and the process is repeated over and over again so as to improve behavior (Miltenberger, 32). In Desperate House Wives, there are a number of functional relationships that take place at the Romance stage. This is clearly seen from the relationship between Susan and Mike. Mike is seen as a social misfit because everyone thinks that he is responsible for the death of Mary Alice. Susan has a kidney problem and Mike stands by her. Although she has been told that she has only a few months to live, but through all these, Mike still helps her through (Website). They always work as a team and have always been able to resolve any issues that come their way. Lynette and Tom have a functional relationship too. They are in the commitment stage, with some of their children being grown-ups. A lot has taken place in their lives, and they are able to overcome so many challenges (Website). Though they face a major challenge when Tom gets a job that keeps him away from home, they try to work on their relationship together; nobody blames the other for their problems. Dysfunctional relationships are those that emotionally deprive the individuals involved such that they do not perform their functions adequately.  A dysfunctional relationship may become to be if one person in a relationship is more involved than the other, instead of both contributing equally to the establishment

PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) Essay

PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) - Essay Example ivist groups have complained that PETA has made it difficult for them to make their point in the public eye because of negative associations engendered by PETA behaviors. In many cases, it has been argued that the group has taken the message too far even though the group has been successful in bringing about positive change for animal rights. Campaigns they’ve launched include a fight against the fast-food chain Kentucky Fried Chicken for the deplorable conditions in which chickens are kept as they are being fattened up for mass production in the chain’s food stores and campaigns against entertainment venues such as circuses for the way in which performing animals are kept. Before one can determine whether the group is beneficial or detrimental to animals and society as a whole, it is necessary to learn more about the charges levied against them as well as the successes they claim. PETA first gained national recognition only a year after it was founded when founding member Alex Pacheco investigated the research practices of Dr. Edward Taub in what was to become known as the Silver Spring monkey case.1 As the name of the case suggests, the events of the case took place at an animal lab in Silver Spring, Maryland. According to the Institute for Animal Research, photographs taken by Pacheco in a late night undercover mission in the primate lab revealed monkeys housed in ‘filthy conditions’ and evidence gathered regarding the nature of Dr. Taub’s research revealed what seemed to be excessively cruel practices.2 Information released about the case indicates Taub was deliberately cutting the nerves in the arms and legs of 17 monkeys he had in the lab and then employing further cruel methods to see what would induce the monkeys to attempt to use these damaged appendages. Methods employed included electric shock, restraining the undamaged limbs and withholding food.3 Taub had no choice but to admit to the methods being used, but suggested the research

Massive Tourism Essay Example for Free

Massive Tourism Essay In this globalized world the stress caused by the workload and the problems that occur everyday in our social environment, have a direct effect on the health of the person, who tries to find a way to release the tension. This is why many doctors recommend recreation in the form of travel to avoid harm to our health. Nowadays Tourism has a key part in the lives of every person, but mostly business people. They use it as a way to connect with their children and at the same time, recover their lost energy. These believe has spread all over the world and now Massive Tourism has become an important issue in the Government plans and the Tourism Industry. Massive Tourism happens when large masses of tourist arrive to visit a place. Travel Agencies offer tour packages to groups of people to get lower airfares, room rates, etc. Massive Tourism has a direct effect on the economy of the country, by increasing the incomes and providing more work. But many countries aren’t prepared to receive large groups of people, which causes damage to the culture, infrastructure and also to the environment. Advantages of Massive Tourism  For People Tour Operators and Travel Agencies offer Tour Packages to tourist around the world, to visit and enjoy another countries culture without the need to plan all the activities, transport or accommodations by themselves and by traveling in large groups they get lower costs. This is why the number of tourist has increased, because nowadays it is easier to travel, not to mention cheaper. What most people look for in a trip is to leave all worries and problems behind, and just enjoy and relax for a determined amount of time in another city or country and away form their normal lives. Tour operators can offer lower costs because by making these tour packages they an agreement with the hotel, airlines, museums, etc, who are part of the package. These companies offer the operators a lesser cost, in exchange of promotion, which they get with this tour packages. Both the companies and the tourist benefit from this packages. Also because you travel with a group that will share the same activities and interests it is probable to form relationships and friendships with new people. For Governments Large groups of people arrive everyday to a country, and they expend money by realizing various activities during their stay. For example food, museums, discos, shopping, transport). This is why the country benefits from massive tourism because it has a positive effect on the economy of the country by increasing the incomes. The Tourism Industry is ever growing, which results in more job openings and increases the interest of studying tourism related careers to improve the service given in their country and also to have a bigger involvement to incentive the tourist activities and at the same time, protect the natural patrimony. In addition, massive tourism boosts other kinds of tourism, such s eco tourism which increases investments to create new recreational, and tourist areas. Another advantage of massive tourism is that it improves the relationship between countries. Disadvantages One disadvantage is the rapidly spread of the diseases because of massive tourism. Most people who travels likes to go to a completely different place. For example, they want to visit exotic places. But they do not know the real consequence of their adventure. Sometimes, they are taken by the emotion of the trip and they don’t inform well about the places they are going. One case took place in China. There was a new virus, very contagiously, which spread fast due to the tourists who travel around the world. That way, virus could reach cities like Frankfurt, Toronto etc. As we can see massive tourism helps diseases to expand. Besides humans, animals are also affected by new diseases brought by tourists of other countries. Another important effect of massive tourism is the one on the culture. Now we are living in a globalize world. This means that many aspects are the same in different countries. When many tourists arrive in a country like ours, the people of the host country start to behave like them. Little by little they start changing their image. The impact caused by tourist is strong in some places. For example in our jungle many amazon tribes have lost their traditions. Now they make presentation of typical dances of their tribes only for tourists. Once the tourists leave their tribe, these people start to behave as if they were from the cities. Their naturalness is lost. Same case happens in the highlands. Language is also affected by massive tourism. Nowadays most people understand English. In one way this is very practical for tourists but on the other hand English absorbs the other languages. The attraction of a country, in some cases, is based on the language. If one person wants to go to France in order to learn French, he will find that most people like to speak English or Spanish. The language is part of the culture in a country and it shouldn’t be change. When you see only tourists in one place, you will realize that the lifestyle s affected too. Being surrounded by tourists changes the way you act. This case is presented everyday in Ibiza. This international place has very few Spanish inhabitants. For this little population, life has acquired a different face. Their neighbors are no longer Spanish people but tourists. The way you treat tourists is not the same as you treat people from your country. That is why the lifestyle changes in places like Ibiza that receive mass ive tourism. One of the biggest effects of massive tourism is on the environment. Massive tourism can imply more incomes but is also means more people to attend and too much garbage. Too many people in one place can cause a mess. In fact the more disturbed is the people of the host country. The infrastructure suffers and is damaged because it can not stand multitudes. To illustrate this point Macchupichu is a good example. Recent investigation has revealed that Macchupichu and the whole city of Cuzco are suffering the consequences of the disorganized coming of tourists, especially in the high season. Conclusion Nowadays people are looking for ways to canalize their energy and just for a couple of days, get away from their problems, and meet new cultures and new people. As we have seen massive tourism is an alternative for people that has tight schedules and no time for recreation or just stop to breathe. This is why massive tourism does not only benefit individuals but also the whole society and encourages the population to take interest in the tourism industry and the protection of their culture. Nevertheless Massive Tourism also has a negative aspect for the countries if it is not treated as it should. An organize tourism brings benefits for sides, tourists and countries. Sometimes the solution isn’t in the quantity but in the quality of the services and the experience. In Perus case, this negative impact has taken a toll on the infrastructure in some important cities like Cuzco. This is way the authorities have started to develop new plans to organize these cities to receive an organized tourism without damaging the city.

Mikes Fish Market :: essays research papers

Case Study Philips NV 1. Describe changes in Philips environment occurring during the 1960’s and 1970’s (a)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Philips operates in a very competitive market domestic and internationally. There have been various changes over the last decade, with the emergence of the company from a position near economic failure to a well-known brand that is still lacking in performance. From the 1960’s onward, a number of significant changes took place. Due to the efforts of the GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade barriers fell worldwide. There have been many attempts at designing models which describe the competitive environment and the determinants of profitability from Western competitors. The first element is that of the existing competition. Philips market for their products are elevating domestically and emerging internationally, however the environment in which it operated in for both of these markets is highly competitive. The way in which the products are perceived had changed over the last decade may have been seen as a luxury by the domestic markets are now seen as becoming more and more a necessity as technology moves into the home internationally. According to Cahners, the name Philips s is well known, indeed it is ranked as the global brand leader in electronics Cahners Research and in terms of Inter-brand's World's Most Valuable Brands 2000. However, there are also some problems with this and the way that it has been competing and brand awareness alone does not create sales, socially in a market where there is firm competition. 2. Describe why Philips had low profits durng the 1970’s and 80’s (a)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The problem faced by the company may be seen as a result of the lack of change and the inability to identify the way the market was moving. In the 1970‘s and the 1980’s there were different market drivers and challenges. Philips has many different products, and with such a diversified portfolio there has been a spread of risk, but this has also lead to a lack of specialization. This is partly being corrected with a concentration on video cassette recorders. However, unlike many other companies in the market, there is not a single association with the brand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other companies have had a higher level of differentiation due to the way in which they have been able to identify with a single product, and this has enhanced their reputation, such as Sony and Matsushita initiating VHS. This is an industry where reverse engineering is extensive and many competitors will be working on similar technologies.

Essential Questions Essay

1. How and why did America turn toward domestic isolation and social conservatism in the 1920s? Americans turned toward domestic isolation and social conservatism in the 1920s because of the red scare. Many people used the red scare to break the backs of all struggling unions. Isolationist Americans had did not have a lot of hope in the 1920s. There began to be a large amount of immigrants flowing into the US. During 1920-1921, over 800,000 immigrants had come. This type of immigration was known as the â€Å"New Immigration†. The Emergency Quota act of 1921 and the Immigration Act of 1924 severely limited immigration and was taken from the census of 1890 rather than 1910, because 1890 was a huge immigration year. It was the worst for the Japanese. The main reasons for isolation was due to anti European feelings, immigrant labor that lowered wages, the need for skilled workers and radical political movement and beliefs such as socialism, communism, and anarchism which were usually known as the Red Scare. 2. How was the character of American culture affected by the social political changes of the 1920s? (Include both white ethnic groups and blacks in your discussion.) The character of American culture was affected by the social political changes of the 1920s and America became a country focused on individualism. After World War 1 ended, the political and economic focus on the individual instead of community needs lead to a time of isolationism. There was less emphasis placed on the family than in past decades which resulted in a divorce rate of 20 percent. The 1920’s were a period of riches and very expensive economic practices. 3. Why was immigration which had existed for many generations, seen as such a great threat to American identity and culture in the prosperous 1920s? America was always seen as a country where it would be safe for immigration and immigrants from Europe to come to make a living. While immigration had always been open for generations, in fact, since the United States was born, people started to resent immigrants because they started to take jobs away from normal citizens, and also because of just plain racism. People wouldn’t like Japanese, Chinese, Italians, Irish, etc. As for assimilation, many people come to this country with no intention of ever becoming Americans. They want to be known as Americans. A lot of the immigrants didn’t want to pay taxes or learn English, except work at a really low wage and steal jobs. 4. Why did critics like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne dislike the pressure on immigrants to â€Å"Americanize† and join the â€Å"melting pot†? What did they envision that America should be like under the ideals of â€Å"cultural pluralism†? Critics like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne, who was a progressive writer and public intellectual from New Jersey, both disliked the pressure on immigrants to â€Å"Americanize† and join the â€Å"melting pot† because they felt that Americanism should not be associated with Anglo-Saxonism. Randolph said that the US should put up immigrant cultures into a cosmopolitan America instead of forcing immigrants to get used to Anglophilic culture. 5. How did some of the events of the 1920s reflect national conflict over social, cultural and religious values? The Red Scare reflected the fear of Americans which they had of communists infiltrating the US government. Sacco and Vanzetti’s arrest and execution made foreigners fear America even more, especially the anarchists. This caused worldwide dispute over whether they were given a fair trial, or if it was just based on them being Italian and â€Å"anarchists†. The Scopes Trial reflected American fear of new ideas that looked like it challenged traditional religious values and the Biblical origin of man. The Teapot Dome Scandal reflected America’s want of wealth and their materialistic ways, which made people want material possessions at any price. The Flappers reflected America’s changing values of enjoyment, immorality, and worldliness. 6. How did the automobile and other new products create a mass-consumption economy in the 1920s? When the United States made the model T Ford, this was the first time the US found a way to mass produce a one color one size fits all reliable and at the time fashionable Model T. Thomas Edison also invented a major thing that many people just had to get to go into the next millennium, which was the light bulb. This new era destroyed the old way of light, which was the candle, and replaced it with an electricity consuming item that was really useful. Also, there was George Washington Carver, who was a Botanist and a Chemist. He established an official industrial research center in both Alabama and Iowa. Carver was able to make legumes into useful ingredients in medicines and materials for consumer use, like the peanut. 7. How did the new films, literature, and music of 20’s affect American values in areas of religion, sexuality, and family life? Were African American cultural developments fundamentally different, or were they part of the same cultural movement? The 1920s has been known for a long time as the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. This was an era of first-time prosperity that was best remembered through the cultural artifacts made by its new mass-consumption economy. The new media erased the old values and helped to bring in a new set of values. You could argue that the movies and music, which was mostly jazz, encouraged people to take on more self-indulgent values. 8. In what ways were the twenties a social and cultural reaction against the progressive idealism that held sway before and during WWI? The 1920s were a time when people stopped being idealistic and started to just be interested in fun and getting ahead in money. Before WWI, there was a Progressive movement that was very idealistic. The Progressives were trying to change the world and â€Å"progress†, but after WWI, this idealism seemed to be gone, probably because the war was so bad. People probably no longer thought they would be able to change the world and just wanted to turn their attention to having fun. Because of this change, the ’20s were a time of fun and materialism. People were getting rich because of the stock market boom. Many were enjoying themselves with the new movies, abundant amount of cars, and the exciting new music, like Jazz. They were coming to have different values which emphasized having fun.

Measuring Consumer Satisfaction In Online Banking Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5051 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Advances in electronic banking technology have created new ways of handling daily banking affairs, especially via the online banking channel. The acceptance of online banking services varies based on the customer perceptions, this research measures the acceptance of online banking in the light of Technology Acceptance Model. On the basis of a TAM literature and e-banking studies, we modified and used a model indicating online-banking acceptance among private banking customers in Bahrain. The model was tested with a survey sample, which was analyzed by SPSS program. The results of the research indicate that perceived usefulness and information on online banking on the Web site were the main factors influencing Online-banking acceptance. Since the mid-1990s, there has been a fundamental shift in banking delivery channels toward using self-service channels such as online banking services. During the past years online banking acceptance has been rapid and currently 55 percent of the private banking customers in Bahrain have an online banking contract with their bank. A line with the rapid development of technology, consumers are attracted to this application because of it convenience and the way it ease their lives (Anguelov et al. 2004). Of course, Bahrain like other countries aims to cope with the rapidly changing technology in order to provide a better way of life in the future by moving from the traditional way of doing transactions to electronic applications for example e- government, e-learning, e-commerce and e-banking. Therefore we chose to present one of these topics which is the online Banking because as we are working in the banking industry in Bahrain we want to measure consumer satisfaction in online banking to provide a portfolio which would be valuable for banks to retain and gain more users of online banking. Online banking in this study is defined as an Internet portal, through which customers can use different kinds of banking services ranging from bill payment to making investments. Therefore banks Web sites that offer only information on their pages without possibility to do any transactions are not qualified as online banking services. The goal of this study is to detect of the most important factors that influence online banking acceptance in the light of the technology acceptance model (TAM). More precisely, online banking acceptance will be studied from the information systems acceptance point of view referring to the idea that consumers are using banks information system (online banking service) directly and hence more knowledge on the factors that affect information systems adoption is needed in order to better understand and facilitate the acceptance. 1.1 Research Problem The main problem of this study is to investigate and explore the application of Online Banking in Bahrain in terms of the customers. For more specification, the main problem was divided into the following tw o sub problems: The impact of individual differences among users of Online Banking. The advantages and disadvantages of online banking from the customer perspective. 1.2 Research Objectives This study aims to: Represent the impact of individual differences among users of Online Banking Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of online banking from the customers perspective. Find out which sector of the society is not satisfied of the online banking and what the reasons that stand beyond this attitude are. 1.3 Research Importance Online banking has been an important way of conducting business by satisfying potential customers and gaining a competitive advantage. Therefore, the need of understanding the impact of individual differences of the customers as well as the benefits that the customers get when using online banking will allow the banks who do not apply this technology to thing seriously about applying it. Furthermore, emphasizes on the applicatio n of online banking for the banks that already applied it and try to customize the functions and the layout of the application base on the customers feedback. 1.4 Research Methodology In order to measure the satisfaction of online banking consumers, and how different factors such as: (Age, Gender, Occupation, Income, Education and Culture) effect on it. One of the techniques we use to evaluate consumer satisfaction is a basic consumer questionnaire; we have conducted a sample of 200 consumers randomly. The participants were located at different regions within the country and worked for different organizations. The questionnaire consisted of some multiple-choice questions, while the majority of items were measured on a seven-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree and very likely to very unlikely. The survey was intended to elicit opinions of consumers regarding the use of online banking service. 1.5 Research Structure This study is divided in to four parts: the first part contains an introduction a long with research problem, research objectives, research importance, a brief of research methodology, part two is literature review on online banking and information systems acceptance model (TAM). The third part discusses in details the research methodology used in this work gather the necessary data. The forth part represents the challenges comprises of the results and analysis. In this part the data is analyzed using a factor, regression and correlation analyses. The final part consists of the conclusions and practical recommendation. 2. Literature Review The global business environment witnessed many changes in the last decade of the 20th century, among which is electronic commerce, or exchange of products and services through Internet and telecommunication networks (Kalakota Whinston, 1997). Most of the industries have been influenced by this emerging technology-based approach to business (Gunasekaran L ove, 1999). However, the impact of electronic commerce has been apparent in the banking and financial services industry when compared with other industry segments (Bughin, 2004; eMarketer, 2000). From the Asian market experience, it is clear that Internet banking is here to stay and will be a major channel to acquire and service customers. Recently, Internet usage and Internet banking has grown to more than 45.4 million in the Asia Pacific region (G. Kannabiran P.C. Narayan, 2005). It has been found (LiaoCheung, 2002) that individual expectations regarding accuracy, security, transactions speed, user-friendliness, user involvement, and convenience were the most important quality attributes in the perceived usefulness of Internet-based e-banking.Many researchers have argued that trust is essential for understanding interpersonal behavior and is relevant to e-banking. (Gefen, 2002; Jarvenpaa, Tractinsky, Vitale, 2000). Online banking acceptance has gained special attention i n academic studies during the past five years as, for instance, banking journals have devoted special issues on the topic (e.g. Karjaluoto et al., 2002; Waite and Harrison, 2002; Bradley and Stewart, 2003; Gerrard and Cunningham, 2003; Mukherjee and Nath, 2003). We can find two fundamental reasons underlying online banking development and diffusion. First, banks get notable cost savings by offering online banking services. It has been proved that online banking channel is the cheapest delivery channel for banking products once established (Sathye, 1999; Robinson, 2000; Giglio, 2002). Second, banks have reduced their branch networks and downsized the number of service staff, which have paved the way to self-service channels as quite many customers felt that branch banking took too much time and effort (Karjaluoto et al., 2003). Therefore, time and cost savings and freedom from place have been found the main reasons underlying online banking acceptance (Polatoglu and Ekin, 2001; Bl ack et al., 2002; Howcroft et al.,2002). Several studies indicate that online bankers are the most profitable and wealthiest segment to banks (Mols, 1998; Robinson, 2000; Sheshunoff, 2000). On this basis, no bank today can underestimate the power of the online channel. Luxman (1999) for instance estimates that in the near future the online channel reinforces its importance especially in the countryside, where banks have closed many branches. Without the possibility of managing banking affairs directly from home or office, customers easily perceive troubles in managing their financial affairs such as paying bills. As noted, online banking offers many benefits to banks as well as to customers. However, in global terms the majority of private bankers are still not using online banking channel. There exist multiple reasons for this. To start with, customers need to have an access to the Internet in order to utilize the service. Furthermore, new online users need first to learn how to use the service (Mols et al., 1999). Second, nonusers often complain that online banking has no social dimension, i.e. you are not served in the way you are in a face-to-face situation at branch (Mattila et al., 2003). Third, customers have been afraid of security issues (Sathye, 1999; Hamlet and Strube, 2000; Howcroft et al., 2002). However, this situation is changing as the online banking channel has proven to be safe to use and no misuse has been reported by the media in Bahrain. Organizations invest in information systems for many reasons, for example cutting costs, producing more without increasing costs, improving the quality of services or products (Lederer et al., 1998). It has been noted that users attitudes towards and acceptance of a new information system have a critical impact on successful information system adoption (Davis, 1989; Venkatesh and Davis, 1996; Succi and Walter, 1999). If users are not willing to accept the information system, it will not bring f ull benefits to the organization (Davis, 1993; Davis and Venkatesh, 1996). The more accepting of a new information system the users are, the more willing they are to make changes in their practices and use their time and effort to actually start using the new information system (Succi and Walter, 1999). A system that satisfies users needs reinforces satisfaction with the system and is a perceptual or subjective measure of system success. Similarly, usage of a system can be an indicator of information system success and computer acceptance in some cases. Whether the system is regarded as good or bad depends on how the user feels about the system. Especially if the users do not rely on the system and its information their behavior toward the system could be negative. Success is not necessarily dependent of the technical quality of the system (Ives et al., 1983). Using the system is connected with the effectiveness of the system systems that users regard as useless cannot be effective. Therefore it is important to find out the reasons why people decide to use or not to use information system (IS). This knowledge will help both systems designers and developers in their work (Mathieson, 1991) One of the most utilized model in studying information system acceptance is the technology acceptance model (TAM) (Davis et al., 1989; Mathieson, 1991; Davis and Venkatesh, 1996; Gefen and Straub, 2000; Al-Gahtani, 2001) in which system use (actual behavior) is determined by perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) relating to the attitude toward use that relates to intention and finally to behavior. According to the TAM these two beliefs are of primary significance for computer acceptance. PU refers to the prospective users subjective likelihood that the use of a certain application will increase his or her performance. PEOU is defined as the degree to which the prospective user expects the potential system to be free of effort (Davis et al., 19 89). According to DeLone and McLean (1992) system use as the dependent variable is acceptable, if system usage is not required. Although the TAM has been tested widely with different samples in different situations and proved to be valid and reliable model explaining information system acceptance and use (Mathieson, 1991; Davis and Venkatesh, 1996,), many extensions to the original TAM have been proposed (e.g. Venkatesh and Speier, 1999; Venkatesh and Davis, 2000; Venkatesh et al., 2002; Henderson and Divett, 2003; Lu et al., 2003). Recently, Venkatesh and Davis (2000) extended the original TAM by introducing the second generation of the model labeled TAM2 to explain how subjective norms and cognitive instrumental processes affect perceived usefulness and intentions. TAM is based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980), which is concerned with the determinants of consciously intended behaviours (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980; Davi s et al., 1989). Development of TRA started in 1950s and the first research concerning TRA was published in 1967 (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). Since 1967 TRA has been developed, tested and used extensively and its extension, the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991) utilized widely. TRA has proven successful in predicting and explaining behaviour across a wide variety of domains. TRA is based on the assumption that consumers behave rationally and that they collect and evaluate systematically all of the available information. Additionally, TRA assumes that people also take into account the effects of their possible actions and based on this reasoning make decision whether or not to take action (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). Individuals would use computers if they have a feeling that there could be positive benefits (outcomes) associated with using them (Compeau and Higgins, 1995). From the information systems perspective one relevant element of TRA is its assertion that an y other factor that influences behaviour for example systems design variables, user characteristics, task characteristics, political influences and organizational structure do so only indirectly by influencing attitude toward behavior, subjective norm or their relative weights (Davis et al., 1989). Although the TAM and the TRA share many issues they have some considerable differences. The first difference is that according to TRA beliefs are bound to context and hence they can not be generalised. Contrary to that, TAM states that PEOU and PU are issues that have an effect on acceptance of all information systems. The other significant difference is that in TRA all beliefs are summed together, but in the TAMboth beliefs are seen as distinct constructs. Modelling each belief separately allows researchers to better trace influences of all of the affecting factors on information systems acceptance (Davis et al., 1989). TAM has been tested in many studies (see, for example, Davis, 1989; Davis et al., 1989; Mathieson, 1991; Adams et al., 1992; Davis, 1993; Segars and Grover, 1993; Taylor and Todd, 1995), and it has been found that TAMs ability to explain attitude toward using an information system is better than other models (TRA and TPB) (Mathieson, 1991). These studies have found that TAM consistently explains a significant amount of the variance (typically around 40 percent) in usage intentions and behaviour. The use of an information system has been understood in many studies as the user acceptance of the information system in question (Davis et al., 1989; Davis, 1993; Al-Gahtani, 2001). In other words the use of information system acts as an indicator for information systems acceptance. 3. Research Methodology Our research was based on several related articles in respect to similar subjects that were searched from electronic library. Data for this study was collected by the means of a survey conducted in Kingdom of Bahrain in December 2009 to obtain opinions and examine the behavior of customers toward the use of online banking. A total of 200 questionnaire forms were delivered to respondents of which 120 were returned giving a response rate of 63 percent. Questionnaires were filled in three different places, at work place, at two well known banks who applies online baking, and at famous coffee shop. This resulted in a sample that was well distributed in terms of demographic information (e.g. age, income, and education). The questionnaire (shown in Appendix I) consisted of questions that were related to background, possible factors affecting acceptance of online banking and use of online banking services. Likert five point scales ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree were used as a basis of questions. Based on this information the questionnaire was modified and finalized. On the basis of previous studies on computer and information systems acceptance, the use of the information system was chosen to be th e indicator for success. The use of online banking services was chosen as the dependent variable in the model. 4. Challenges In this study, we have challenged the customer satisfaction ambiguous view on online Banking. Therefore, we have referred to the model (as shown below) indicating online banking acceptance among private banking customers in Bahrain through using TAM literature and e banking studies. The Existing System Based on the literature review, a model indicating the acceptance of online banking was developed (Figure 1). The model consists of five factors that we posit to have an effect on acceptance of online banking. Source: Davis, F.D. (1989), Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology, MIS Quarterly, September, pp. 319-40. Perceived usefulness PU and perceived ease of use PEOU In TAM, PU is a significant factor affecting acceptance of an information system (Davis et al., 1989). Davis defined PU as t he degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance (Davis, 1989). PEOU is another major factor that affects acceptance of information system (Davis et al., 1989). PEOU is defined as the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort (Davis, 1989). Therefore an application perceived to be easier to use than another is more likely to be accepted by users. By applying this model into online banking: H1. Perceived usefulness (PU) has a positive effect on consumer acceptance of online banking H2. Perceived ease of use (PEOU) has a positive effect on consumer acceptance of online banking Perceived enjoyment Enjoyment refers to the extent to which the activity of using a computer is perceived to be enjoyable (Davis et al., 1992). Perceived enjoyment differs from Perceived usefulness, PU which can be seen as an extrinsic motivation whereas perceived enjoyment (PE) as an intrinsic motivation to use information systems. A number of studies on PE (Davis et al., 1992; Igbaria et al., 1995; Teo et al., 1999) have noticed that intention to use computers is highly affected by PE. Igbaria et al. (1995) found that PE correlates positively with time of use but not with frequency of use or number of tasks. In contrast Teo et al. (1999) noted that PE correlates positively with frequency of Internet usage and daily Internet usage. Definitions of perceived fun and perceived playfulness are almost similar to the concept of PE. These terms are all handled as the same. According to Igbaria et al. (1994) perceived fun refers to the performance of an activity for no obvious reinforcement other than the process of performing the activity. They found that system usage and the perceived fun were positively correlated with each other. Moon and Kim (2001) define perceived playfulness as consisting of three parts: concentration, curiosity and enjoyment. They discovered that the p erceived playfulness had a significant impact on the intention to use the Internet. On this basis, it is expected that PE affects the acceptance of online banking: H3. Perceived enjoyment (PE) has a positive effect on consumer acceptance of online banking Amount of information on online banking The amount of information consumers have about online banking has been identified as a major factor impacting the acceptance of online banking. According to Sathye (1999) while the use of online banking services is quite new experience to many people, low awareness of online banking is a major factor in causing people not to get benefit from online banking. In an empirical study of Australian consumers Sathye (1999) found that consumers were unaware about the possibilities, advantages/disadvantages involved with online banking. Thus, this hypothesis applies: H4. The amount of information a consumer has about online banking has a positive effect on consumer acceptance of online ban king Security and privacy One of the important points is security and privacy which has a direct affect to the acceptance of online banking (Roboff and Charles, 1998; Sathye, 1999; Hamlet and Strube, 2000; Tan and Teo, 2000; Polatoglu and Ekin, 2001; Black et al., 2002; Giglio, 2002; Howcroft et al., 2002) ( I suggest to remove some of the references from this part). To be more precise, privacy and security were found to be significant obstacle to the adoption of online banking (Sathye, 1999). Roboff and Charles (1998) found that people have a weak understanding of online banking security risks although they are aware of the risks. Finally they argue that although consumers confidence in their bank was strong, their confidence in technology was weak (see also Howcroft et al., 2002). As the amount of products and services offered via the Internet grows rapidly, consumers are more and more concerned about security and privacy issues. In general, many consumers refuse to give private information over the telephone or the Internet, for example credit card information- card number and password (Hoffman and Novak, 1998). According to many studies (e.g. Westin and Maurici, 1998; Cranor et al., 1999) privacy issues have proven important barriers to the use of online services. Gathering and recording user data without consumers awareness concerns them (DePallo, 2000). Users want to control what kind of data is collected, for what purposes, how long data is recorded for, how and for what purposes their data is processed (Kobsa, 2001; Kobsa, 2002). As trust, in this article it has been concentrated only on level of confidence in the technology which online banking service provider. Thereby it is proposed that: H5. Security and privacy have a positive effect on consumer acceptance of online banking 5. The Proposed Solution In accordance to the result base on the survey, it was found that online banking is widely and mostly used by customers with mi ddle and high level income aged around 32 years. Consequently, banks have to find the reason behind that online banking is used by a certain portion of customers and not all. They need to enhance the web page and make it user friendly and easy to use. In addition, the main reason of not using online banking is that customers do not know how to use it. This means that way of using online banking service is not well explained by some banks. Therefore, banks need to make it clear for their customers by advertising for this service by making a manual available on their web site of how to use online banking starting by the way of getting the password ending by the way of doing inquiries and financial transactions. 6. Analysis Results The average age of respondents was 32.74 years. 57 percent of the respondents were male. Approximately 20.7 percent of the respondents belonged to the lowest income level (under BD400 per month). About 45.5 percent of the respondents fell into midd le income level (between BD400-799 per month).The rest fit into the highest income level (over BD800 per month). Factor analysis ** A positive factor analysis was conducted on the items comprising PU, PEOU, security and privacy, and PE. The factor analysis was conducted using SPSS program (Please refer to Appendix II for Tables). The first factor, PEOU, consists of four variables. The second factor, PU, contained four variables. The third factor, security and privacy, was loaded with three variables .And the forth factor refers to PE and was loaded with five variables. We run a correlation analysis in order to test our hypothesis. The result indicate that Income, PEOU, PU, Security Privacy, and PE have a strong positively correlated with use (p0.05). In the regression analysis was conducted to reveal how different factors affect the use of online banking. The results of ANOVA indicate that the regression and residual sums of squares are not approximately equal, which indicates that most of the variation in use is not explained by the model. As a result only Income, PEOU, and PE seems that have a strong relationship with the use. Based on our data analysis, it seems that Income, PEOU, PU, Security Privacy, and PE statistically significantly clearly have a positive effect on the use of online banking. Background variables age, years of experience in computer usage, education, and gender are also statistically non-significant. This means that most of the research model (H1, H2, H3, and H5) was supported. The rest of the hypotheses were not supported by the data. ** Please refer to Appendix II for SPSS Tables. 7. Discussion In this section the discussion performed on theoretical contributions, managerial contributions, limitations further research, and a compression between the literature review the results. In details as follow: 7.1 Theoretical contributions From a theoretical standpoint, the results presented contributed to the existing literature in a number of ways. First, the research makes a contribution to electronic banking literature by providing insights on the factors that seem to affect online banking acceptance. The results hint that information about online banking services and its benefits is a critical factor influencing the acceptance. Moreover, security and privacy were found to have a relatively weak relationship with the acceptance. Secondly, the research contributes to the technology acceptance literature by suggesting that PU as well as perceived enjoyment (PE) were found to have some effect on technology acceptance. Furthermore, we found that PU was more influential than PEOU in explaining technology acceptance. 7.2 Managerial contributions The results of the research provide managers information that will help them to take decisions about the planning of online banking Web sites and service selection. In the planning and development of online banking services, software devel opers should pay attention to informative content that is above all perceived useful and with relevant information and services. In the marketing process of online banking services marketing experts should emphasize the benefits its adoption provides. Banks should now concentrate in their advertising more to informative issues rather than in building only brands with less informative advertisements. 7.3 Limitations and further research Although the results can be considered statistically significant in most parts, the research has several limitations that affect the reliability and validity of the findings. The research was limited mainly by the time factor; choosing to complete the research in one academic course fostered us to limit the number of the distributed surveys. Time was not the only limitation, but reaching the targeted sample and convincing them to respond to the surveys as soon as possible was another major problem that had a critical reason in delaying the proje ct progress. The other limitation of this work concerns the measures for user acceptance. TAM studies have found that PU and PEOU are not the only predictors of technology acceptance. Furthermore, another interesting avenue for further research could be a detailed study on online banking usage in firms. We should also measure online banking acceptance with other possible factors derived from different sources of literature. 7.4 Compression between the literature review the results: The impact of electronic commerce has been apparent in the banking and financial services industry when compared with other industry segments (Bughin, 2004; eMarketer, 2000). However according to the results of the research it was found that 77.7% of respondents their banks have online banking. Also, it has been found (LiaoCheung, 2002) that individual expectations regarding accuracy, security, transactions speed, user-friendliness, user involvement, and convenience were the most important quality attributes in the perceived usefulness of Internet-based e-banking. Many researchers have argued that trust is essential for understanding interpersonal behavior and is relevant to e-banking. (Gefen, 2002; Jarvenpaa, Tractinsky, Vitale, 2000). But most of the researches respondents who dont trust the online banking for several reasons such as they are afraid of security issues, they have a negative idea about all other aspects of online banking. However, several studies indicate that online bankers are the most profitable and wealthiest segment to banks (Mols, 1998; Robinson, 2000; Sheshunoff, 2000). While as a result of the research the two largest sectors of online bankers nowadays (2009) are 47% within the middle income level and 39% within the highest income level form the respondents which are using online banking. On this result, no bank today can underestimate the power of the online channel. Luxman (1999) for instance estimates that in the near future the onl ine channel reinforces its importance especially in the countryside, where banks have closed many branches. Without the possibility of managing banking affairs directly from home or office, customers easily perceive troubles in managing their financial affairs such as paying bills. But only 2.5% of the researches respondents dont have internet at home, so its not a problem in the new millennium anymore. As noted, online banking offers many benefits to banks as well as to customers. However, in global terms the majority of private bankers are still not using online banking channel. There exist multiple reasons for this. To start with, customers need to have an access to the Internet in order to utilize the service. Furthermore, new online users need first to learn how to use the service (Mols et al., 1999). But this is not the case anymore as 97.5% of the research respondents have an internet connection at home, and 61.5% of the respondents find the online banking easy to use. So its not a major problem anymore. Second, nonusers often complain that online banking has no social dimension, i.e. you are not served in the way you are in a face-to-face situation at branch (Mattila et al., 2003). But as a result for the research only 5% of the respondents who are not using online banking complained about this point. Third, customers have been afraid of security issues (Sathye, 1999; Hamlet and Strube, 2000; Howcroft et al., 2002). However 9% of the researches respondents (who are not using online banking) only afraid of security issues. Therefore, time and cost savings and freedom from place have been found the main reasons underlying online banking acceptance (Polatoglu and Ekin, 2001; Black et al., 2002; Howcroft et al.,2002). And this is what the results of the research indicated as 62% of the respondents find the online banking as a time saving, 51% of the respondents think that it gives them more freedom, and 50% of the respondents find it helps in c ost saving. Also, it has been noted that users attitudes towards and acceptance of a new information system have a critical impact on successful information system adoption (Davis, 1989; Venkatesh and Davis, 1996; 8. Summery and Conclusion The primary objective of the study was to study consumer acceptance of online banking in Bahrain in the light of the technology acceptance model (TAM) added with new variables derived from online banking acceptance literature. The model we developed proposed that online banking acceptance can be modeled with the variables derived from the TAM (PU and PEOU) and three other variables referring to perceived enjoyment (PE), information on online banking, and security and privacy. In the results section the model was tested with 200 consumers and revised. With the use of a factor analysis, five factors were identified suggesting that PU, PEOU, PE, information on online banking, and security and privacy have an impact on the acceptance of onlin e banking. The results of the regression analysis conducted on the five factors indicate that PU and the amount of information on online banking were found to be the most influential factors explaining the use of online banking services. This finding refers to the fact that consumers use online banking for the benefits it provides in comparison to other banking delivery channels. Furthermore, the findings indicate that while consumers get more information about online banking the more informative they become about the benefits it offers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Measuring Consumer Satisfaction In Online Banking Finance Essay" essay for you Create order